Bubble Sweeping Nanomotors for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes renal ischemic injury and severe damage to the ultrastructure, metabolism, function, and electrophysiology of renal tissue. Here, we report a precision treatment strategy for enhancing antioxidative stress properties, inhibiting ferroptosis, and regulating mechanical stress to protect kidney tissue to eliminate injury via the use of Pt and hyaluronic-acid-modified bovine serum albumin with cerium dioxide loading. In the AKI microenvironment, Pt catalyzes H₂O₂ to produce O₂, which reduces cellular hypoxia. The nanoparticles release CeO₂, which can restrain oxygen free radical damage, resulting in massive ROS elimination. Interestingly, the combination of CeO₂ and O₂ can alleviate ferroptosis and ameliorate mechanical stress. Moreover, O₂ induces the shuttling of nanoparticles in the AKI region. These findings show that this nanomedicine system can precisely protect against AKI by reducing oxidative damage, downregulating ferroptosis, and ameliorating mechanical stress and is a promising candidate active drug delivery system for AKI treatment.