Feasibility Analysis of a Three-Dimensional U-Net Algorithm-Assisted Automatic Pedicle Screw Planning

The 3D U-Net algorithm enables rapid, accurate automated pedicle screw planning with high clinical feasibility. It demonstrates robust segmentation precision (Dice > 0.94), excellent screw placement accuracy (98.8% grade A), and efficient processing times, supporting its potential to optimize robot-assisted spinal surgery workflows.