Migrasomes: a promising extracellular vesicle-like novel organelle for bone regeneration

Bone regeneration represents a key objective in bone tissue engineering and involves a series of coordinated biological processes, including immunomodulation, neuroregulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. Recent studies have underscored the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in promoting osteogenesis and facilitating the repair of bone defects, supporting their application as a promising cell-free strategy in regenerative medicine. Migrasomes, vesicle-like organelles anchored to retraction fibers and first identified in 2015, have emerged as key mediators in intercellular communication, lateral transfer of mRNA and proteins, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Through cell-free treatment, these functions support the activity and regenerative ability of stem cells during bone repair. This review provides an updated overview of migrasome-related research, emphasizing their roles in molecular delivery and regulation during bone regeneration. Moreover, the potential of migrasomes as innovative tools for bone tissue engineering is discussed, along with prospective strategies to enhance their utility through advances in understanding their biogenesis and cargo sorting. Despite their known biological functions, the therapeutic applications of migrasomes in bone regeneration remain largely unexplored, highlighting the need for further investigation in this emerging field.