Emergent Technologies in Human Detection for Disaster Response: A Critical Review

In the face of natural disasters, the rapid detection of trapped victims is crucial for effective search and rescue (SAR) operations. This review critically examines the emergent technologies in human detection that are pivotal in disaster response. Current methodologies for human detection encompass a variety of techniques: Radar, Artificial intelligence (AI), Drones, Robotics, Gas sensors, Acoustic, Infrared, and Optical detection. These methods are specifically designed to detect human presence in disaster scenarios by leveraging principles from electromagnetic, acoustic, AI-based algorithms, gas sensors, and optical detection. However, these technologies face challenges and limitations. They often depend on environmental conditions, encounter obstacles that affect their penetration capabilities, and have limited spatial resolution due to complex backgrounds. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in human-detection technologies, assess their impact on SAR missions, and offer insights into future advancements that could further enhance the survivability of disaster-stricken individuals.