High Performance Magnetic Mass-Enhanced Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Vibration Energy Harvester Enabling Totally Self-Powered Long-Distance Wireless Sensing

Wireless sensor networks play a significant role in various fields, and it is very promising to build a totally self-powered wireless sensor network by harvesting unused mechanical vibration energy. Here, a magnetic mass-enhanced triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (MM-HNG) is proposed for harvesting mechanical vibration energy. On the one hand, the additional magnets generate magnetic fields for electromagnetic power generation. It can also effectively increase the amplitude of the membrane, thus improving the output performance of the MM-HNG. The peak power density of TENG in the MM-HNG reaches 380.4 W/m3, while the peak power density of EMG achieves 736 W/m3, which can charge a 0.1 F capacitor rapidly. In addition, a totally self-powered wireless sensing system is constructed, and the integrated microcontroller unit (MCU), which is used to detect and process different sensing parameters and control the wireless transmission, is entirely powered by the MM-HNG. The system is characterized by fast transmission speed and long transmission distance (up to 1 km), which provides an effective solution for powering totally self-powered long-distance wireless sensing. The results prove that the MM-HNG has a wide range of application scenarios in the Internet of Things, such as smart machinery, smart transportation, smart factories, etc.