In Vivo Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging of Nanoparticle-Engineered T Cells and Post-Treatment Assessment to Guide Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy

US/PA imaging approach detected nanoparticle-labeled T cell accumulation at the tumor, visualized changes in tumor volume, and conveyed accompanying changes in blood biomarkers. US/PA data also showed different trends according to a positive or negative antitumor response to T cell therapy over 7 days. Results highlight the potential of the approach and motivate future development to expand the platform for advanced, theranostic immunoimaging.