Ultrasensitive toltrazuril sulfone detection in eggs via a AuNPs/NH 2 –Ce-MOF-enhanced electrochemical immunosensor

(S/N = 3), representing a 3-fold improvement over conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The electrochemical immunosensor exhibited excellent selectivity and reproducibility (relative standard deviation <10%). This platform establishes a robust foundation for monitoring TOS residues and other hazardous contaminants in complex food matrices.