Association between weight-adjusted waist index and risk of mortality and disease progression in participants with chronic kidney disease: a prospective study from the UK Biobank

These findings suggest that an elevated WWI is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and ESKD in patients with CKD, particularly in high WWI groups. Although WWI demonstrated statistically superior discriminatory performance compared with BMI and WC, its overall discriminative capacity remained modest. Accordingly, WWI may serve as a complementary anthropometric indicator for risk assessment in CKD, further studies are required to establish its clinical applicability.