Natural Product Rengyolone Attenuates LPS‐Induced Microglia Inflammation via Suppression of the TLR4/NF‐κB Pathway

ABSTRACT Rengyolone, a cyclohexylethanol derivative isolated from Incarvillea mairei (Bignoniaceae), exhibited a potent anti‐inflammatory effect in LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 cells by inhibiting the release of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ), as well as downregulating the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) and elevating the level of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Further investigation revealed that rengyolone exerts its anti‐inflammatory effect in microglia by suppressing the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), as well as by blocking the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that rengyolone may be a promising lead compound for the treatment of neuroinflammation.