Principle and surface science of photocatalysis

Heterogeneous photocatalysis as a sustainable and promising strategy has been intensively investigated for different applications, including solar fuel production and degradation of environmental pollutants. However, it is still challenging to develop highly active, selective, and durable photocatalysts for practical applications. In this chapter, after introducing a brief history of photocatalysis, we first present a comprehensive review on the thermodynamics and dynamics of photocatalysis, which could help the readers deeply understand the fundamental principles of photocatalytic processes. Then, we systematically summarize the basics for the surface/interface science of photocatalysis, including adsorption, surface redox reactions, and interfacial charge separation. Finally, the design principles, modification strategies, and the characterization and evaluation methods of semiconductor photocatalysts are summarized. By addressing these pertinent and important topics in heterogeneous photocatalysis, this chapter is expected to provide a useful reference for researchers in designing and exploring advanced photocatalytic materials for different applications.