Mitochondrial COI gene fragment of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) from Yellow River was amplified via PCR, the PCR products were ligated into T-vector, cloned and sequenced. 709 bp nucleotide sequences were retrieved. The content of A, T, G and C in the fragment were 34.41%, 27.93%, 20.03% and 17.63% respectively. The result tended to support the opinion that Chinese mitten crab and Japanese mitten crab could be two species or different geographicsubspecies of the same species.