Evaluation and analysis of soil migration and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in iron tailings

Migration and transformation trend of heavy metals have close relationship with soil safety. In this research, we aim to provide reliable basis for prevention and management of local soil contaminants. We choose Anshan tailings for field investigations and laboratory research, analyze vertical and horizontal migration characteristics of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr) and the role of Amaranthus blitoides in tailings. According to Single factor contaminant index and Nemerow composite index, the five heavy metals condition different migration trend in the vertical direction (Cd > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu) in the soil properties and threaten the groundwater of Anshan tailings. They had strong migration capability in horizontal direction resulting in surrounding pollution. The highest migration capability was found in Cr followed by Pb > Zn > Cd > Cu under specific climatic condition. Amaranthus blitoides as dominant species can grow well in harsh environment and can effectively remove heavy metals in mine tailings.