Effectiveness of Nurse‐Led Self‐Management Interventions on Self‐Management Behaviours and Self‐Efficacy in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led self-management interventions on self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Sinomed, Wang Fang, The VIP Database, CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Medline. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to 20 March 2024. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched to identify studies on the effects of nurse-led interventions on self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two researchers independently screened, extracted and analysed the literature using RevMan 5.4.1. RESULTS: A total of 21 articles were reviewed. The meta-analysis revealed that nurse-led interventions significantly improved self-management behaviours and self-efficacy in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subgroup analyses revealed that the intelligent intervention (remote interventions using an app, WeChat or other online measures) had the most substantial effect on the self-management behaviours in this population. Additionally, a 3-month intervention duration was found to be optimal for enhancing self-management behaviours in persons with type 2 diabetes. The self-management education intervention had the most significant impact on improving self-efficacy in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with a 3-month duration also proving optimal for enhancing self-efficacy in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION: Nurse-led self-management interventions positively affect individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.