Carbon‐based Catalysts for Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide

Hydorgen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an eco‐friendly and versatile chemical with extensive applications across various inductrial and househould scenario. Electrosynthesis of H 2 O 2 via the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e − ORR) offers an efficient and sustainable alterantives to conventional anthraquinone process. Carbon‐based catalysts have garnered significant attention in this field due to their intrinsic advantages, including cost‐effectiveness, structural tunability, high electrical conductivity, and abundant surface active sites. However, achieving industrially viable H 2 O 2 productivity and selectivity demands a holistic optimization strategy encompassing catalyst design, electrode architectures, electrolyte modulation, and reactor configuration. This review systematically examines recent advances in carbon‐based catalysts for electrochemical H 2 O 2 generation, addressing fundamental mechanisms of 2e − ORR pathways; controlled synthesis strategies; and system‐level optimizations of electrodes, electrolytes and reactors. State‐of‐the‐art in situ/operando characterization techniques and machine learning‐driven computational models are highlighted as indispensable tools for unraveling reaction mechanisms and accelerating catalyst discovery. Finally, Challenges and future research directions for advancing carbon‐based electrocatalysts toward practical applications are critically discussed.