Global prevalence of biologic drugs use in inflammatory bowel diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Biologics are increasingly essential in managing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) worldwide, as they can modify disease progression and improve patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the global prevalence of and geographic variations in the use of biological drugs for IBD. Materials and methods: Articles published up to 21 July 2024, were identified from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, IBECS, WPRIM, BRISA/RedETSA and LILACS databases. Population-based studies (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional) and studies using administrative databases with data on the prevalence of biological medicine use in patients with IBD were included. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis, whereas heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test and I2. Results: Of the 8239 titles, 68 (n = 3,482,385 patients) were included. An increase in the number of studies on the subject has been reported since 2017, and these studies have been mostly concentrated in high-income countries. A 15.06% (95% CI 11.84–18.28%) prevalence of biologic use in IBD worldwide was reported, predominantly concentrated in the use of anti-TNF agents 15.01% (95% CI 10.35–19.67%). Furthermore, patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) had a greater prevalence of biologic use (21.41%; 95% CI 16.31–26.50%) than ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (9.70%; 95% CI 6.20–13.18%). Conclusions: Further studies using population-based and administrative data and stratifying their analyses by disease type are required to confirm our findings. Future studies should be conducted in Latin America, Asia and Africa.