Exosomes from young plasma alleviate osteoporosis through miR-217-5p-regulated osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

Osteoporosis, increasingly prevalent among the aging population, poses a global health challenge. Current treatments, often limited by prolonged treatment durations, serious side effects, and suboptimal efficacy, necessitate innovative approaches. Building on previous research that highlighted the rejuvenating potential of young blood in organ vitality. This study focused on the role of exosomes and exosomal miRNA. Specifically, we investigated the efficacy of exosomes derived from young plasma (Y-Exos) in mitigating osteoporosis, contrasting them with exosomes from aged plasma (A-Exos). Our in vitro analysis involved co-culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with Y-Exos or A-Exos, assessing their impact on BMSCs migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Y-Exos exhibited a marked enhancement in BMSCs proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation compared to A-Exos. Corresponding in vivo studies corroborated these findings, demonstrating that Y-Exos significantly alleviated osteoporosis, whereas A-Exos impeded bone regeneration. Furthermore, our research identified exosomal miR-217–5p as a pivotal contributor to the osteoprotective effects of Y-Exos. Our work provided a potential strategy for advancing the clinical treatment of osteoporosis.