Electrochemical Strategies for the Formation of Iron Oxide Nanostructures: Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Performance for Energy and Environmental Applications

Using hematite (α‐Fe 2 O 3 ) nanostructures as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has received widespread attention in recent years due to their superior PEC performance. However, hematite has a short charge‐carrier lifetime, which hampers the construction of commercial photovoltaic devices. Various electrochemical methods for fabricating hematite and adjusting their physical properties to overcome these drawbacks are reported. This review introduces electrochemical deposition and anodization methods to form hematite nanostructures and explores post‐treatments to enhance their properties for application in advanced PEC devices.