巨噬细胞
生物
抗原呈递
免疫系统
吞噬体
结核分枝杆菌
先天免疫系统
主要组织相容性复合体
获得性免疫系统
免疫学
肺结核
细胞内寄生虫
微生物学
免疫抑制
医学
牛分枝杆菌
免疫
T细胞
吞噬作用
遗传学
病理
体外
作者
Zakaria Hmama,Yossef Av-Gay,Sunil Joseph
摘要
By virtue of their position at the crossroads between the innate and adaptive immune response, macrophages play an essential role in the control of bacterial infections. Paradoxically, macrophages serve as the natural habitat to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb subverts the macrophage's mechanisms of intracellular killing and antigen presentation, leading ultimately to the development of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Here, we describe mechanisms of Mtb uptake by the macrophage and address key macrophage functions that are targeted by Mtb-specific effector molecules enabling this pathogen to circumvent host immune response. The macrophage functions described in this review include fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes, production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, antigen presentation and major histocompatibility complex class II expression and trafficking, as well as autophagy and apoptosis. All these are Mtb-targeted key cellular pathways, normally working in concert in the macrophage to recognize, respond, and activate 'proper' immune responses. We further analyze and discuss major molecular interactions between Mtb virulence factors and key macrophage proteins and provide implications for vaccine and drug development.
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