玄武岩
地质学
热点(地质)
地幔(地质学)
地球化学
岩浆作用
不相容元素
部分熔融
泛滥玄武岩
大洋中脊
微量元素
火山作用
古生物学
地震学
构造学
作者
Frederick A. Frey,Malcolm S. Pringle,P. R. Meleney,Shichun Huang,Alexander M Piotrowski
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.12.051
摘要
The Ninetyeast Ridge (NER), a north–south striking, 5,000 km long, 77 to 43 Ma chain of basaltic submarine volcanoes in the eastern Indian Ocean formed as a hotspot track created by rapid northward migration of the Indian Plate over the Kerguelen hotspot. Based on the major and trace element contents of unaltered basaltic glasses from six locations along the NER, we show that the NER was constructed by basaltic magma derived from at least three geochemically distinct mantle sources: (1) a source enriched in highly incompatible elements relative to primitive mantle like the source of the 29–24 Ma flood basalts in the Kerguelen Archipelago; (2) an incompatible element-depleted source similar to the source of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) erupted along the currently active Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR); and (3) an incompatible element-depleted source that is compositionally and mineralogically distinct from the source of SEIR MORB. Specifically, this depleted mantle source was garnet-bearing and had higher Y/Dy and Nb/Zr, but lower Zr/Sm, than the SEIR MORB source. We infer that this third source formed as a garnet-bearing residue created during a previous melting event, perhaps an initial partial melting of the mantle hotspot. Subsequently, this residue partially melted over a large pressure range, from slightly over 3 GPa to less than 1 GPa, and to a high extent (~ 30%) thereby creating relatively high SiO2 and FeO contents in some NER basalts relative to SEIR MORB.
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