Mitigating the fluorine effect via dipole–dipole interactions for ultra-low-temperature sodium-ion batteries

Introducing ES into 1 H ,1 H ,5 H -perfluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl (OTE)-based electrolyte creates SO⋯C–F interactions that weaken the fluorine effect, reduce anion aggregation, and promote loose solvation and fast kinetics.