EMF promote BMSCs differentiation and functional recovery in hemiparkinsonian rats

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have self-renewal ability while maintaining the proliferation facility. The BMSCs reproducing ability could affect by electromagnetic fields (EMFs) as a physical inducing factor. We focused on the EMF (400 µT, 75 Hz) exposed multi-potential BMSCs which differentiated and successfully implanted in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of Parkinson's disease rat model. The purified BMSCs are exposed to sinusoidal and square waveform EMF (1 h/1 week or 7 h/1 day) then injected into the left SNpc of Parkinson’s rats. To evaluate the morphology of EMF exposed BMSCs, the cresyl violet staining labeled the Nissl bodies. After evaluation of the rat's activity by behavioral tests (open-field and rotarod tests), the brains were obtained for the preparation of SNpc blocks and carry out the cresyl violet staining. Cell morphology proved most cell differentiation to neurons in the sinusoidal EMF groups. In the sinusoidal EMF exposure groups, large and small neurons were seen with apparent synapses. Although in the square EMF exposed groups some neurons were seen, most of the differentiated cells were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte. The results confirmed an improvement in locomotors' activity of BMSC alone and sinusoidal EMF exposed groups. We presented a low-frequency EMF (75 Hz) to promote the capability of BMSC proliferation, differentiation to neurons and glial cells, and motor coordination activity in the treatment of hemiparkinsonian rats.