Urinary Tract Endometriosis: How to Predict and Prevent Recurrence after Primary Surgical Excision

To investigate the clinical and surgical predictors of urinary tract endometriosis (UTE) relapse.Retrospective single institutional study.Italian multidisciplinary referral center for endometriosis.Consecutive patients affected by UTE and surgically treated between January 2016 and March 2020.Surgical excision for UTE. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were fitted to evaluate clinical and surgical predictors of recurrence.A total of 105 female age-reproductive patients were enrolled. Median age was 32 years (interquartile range, 24-37). Ureteral involvement was recorded in 53 patients (50.5%), being unilateral and bilateral in 46 patients (43.8%) and 7 patients (6.7%), respectively. Bladder involvement occurred in 52 patients (49.5%). Open surgical approach was performed in 24 cases (22.9%), whereas 30 patients (28.5%) and 51 patients (48.6%) were treated with laparoscopic and robot-assisted approach, respectively. Overall, 53 patients (50.5%) received adjuvant hormonal therapy. At a median follow-up of 39 months (interquartile range, 22-51), 30 patients (28.6%) experienced disease relapse, with 14 recurrences (13.3%) recorded at the level of the urinary tract. At multivariable analysis, age at first surgery <25 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.84; p = .02) and the presence of a concomitant autoimmune disease (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-2.17; p = .02) were found as predictors of deep infiltrating endometriosis recurrence, whereas adjuvant postsurgical therapy showed a protective role (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98; p = .01).Young age (<25 years) and the presence of autoimmune diseases were significant predictors for the development of disease recurrence, whereas adjuvant hormonal therapy showed a protective role.