Phosphorus/Phosphide Anodes for Sodium–Ion Batteries on Alloy and Conversion Reactions

Phosphorus and metal phosphide materials are able to store more Na ions based on alloying or conversion reactions, resulting in several times higher capacities than that of the intercalation-type anodes, which makes them more competitive and influential in high-energy SIBs. While the huge volume expansion during (de)sodiation process seriously affects their cycling stability. Therefore, this chapter summarizes the recent breakthroughs of phosphorus/phosphide-based anodes and highlights the proposed strategies toward enhancing their cycling performance, including designing nanostructures, compositing conductive compound host/matrix, and developing novel electrode configurations. The remaining challenges and future perspectives for phosphorus and phosphide anode materials are also discussed.