Measurement and Hydraulic Calculation of Water Hammer Wave in Pipe Flow

In this article a self-cycled steady tube flow apparatus was designed and built in order to study the physical process and mechanism of water hammer occurrence.The water hammer wave in pipe flow was measured experimentally by this apparatus.With the help of 12 diffuse silicon pressure sensors,the instantaneous distribution of water hammer pressure wave,the maximum and minimum indirect water hammer pressures were detected.Based on the water hammer wave pattern fitted to the experimental data,the propagation types,characters and damping rules of the water hammer wave were revealed.The experimental data were believed to be of high accuracy by using the random measuring method.Based on the experimental investigation,the relation between the maximum indirect water hammer pressure and the time of valve shutdown was established,some concepts in direct water hammer were discussed,and finally a modified water hammer pressure equation was presented.