Integration of adsorption based post-combustion carbon dioxide capture for a natural gas-fired combined heat and power plant

This paper proposes a continuous CO2 capture system for natural gas combined heat and power (CHP) facility and explores the potential of low-temperature vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA) process for post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Although VSA has strong potential for efficient CO2 capture in district-scale energy systems, previous case studies have largely focused on high-emission coal combustion sources, making VSA application challenging for these conditions. We address this issue by theoretically designing a ready-to-operate flue gas cleaning process with CCS for a medium-sized 4.3 MW natural gas CHP operating in the local industry. Our in-depth analysis examines the most critical parts such as dehydration, involving condenser and temperature-swing adsorption (TSA), and CO2 capture via VSA. The conceptual design and performance of VSA are approached by developing a mathematical model to estimate the technology size and performance. This work shows that utilising a small fraction of heat recovered from CHP-generated flue gas is sufficient to supply the necessary heat for auxiliary units, and that using natural cooling water for dehydration effectively reduces moisture (87 vol%) and energy demand for final dehydration via TSA. Furthermore, it demonstrates that 4-step VSA consisting of 15 columns using zeolite 13X can separate CO2 with a desired purity of 90.4%, meeting the requirements for CO2 storage and transportation onshore, at a 15.6% recovery rate. The cost of achieving high CO2 purity without pre-pressurising the CO2-rich flue gas, while maintaining cycle simplicity, is discussed. Overall, our paper provides a comprehensive approach to retrofitting distract-scale power plants with CO2-lean emissions, presenting a ready-to-operate flue gas cleaning technology based on real operating conditions and technical restrictions, which can contribute towards decarbonisation.