Brown adipose tissue transplantation improves skin fibrosis in localized scleroderma

Abstract Adipose tissue transplantation shows great therapeutic potential in reversing localized scleroderma‐associated skin fibrosis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can specifically secrete various cytokines against fibrosis, but its therapeutic potential in improving skin fibrosis has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we have demonstrated the superior therapeutic efficacy of BAT transplantation for sclerotic skin by transplanting two distinct types of adipose tissue. In comparison to the white adipose tissue (WAT) group, mice treated with BAT transplantation exhibited a significant reduction in dermal thickness. BAT transplantation effectively reverses skin sclerosis through mechanisms involving inflammation reduction, promotion of angiogenesis, inhibition of myofibroblast accumulation, and collagen deposition. This therapeutic effect can be attributed to its unique paracrine effects. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐Seq) revealed upregulation of pathways associated with lipogenesis and fatty acid metabolism in BAT while downregulating pathways are related to transforming growth factor β(TGF‐β), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory response. These findings suggest that BAT transplantation holds great promise as a novel approach for localized scleroderma treatment.