Immortal Time Bias: the hidden confounder in assessing cardiosurgical treatment effects

Journal Article Immortal Time Bias: the hidden confounder in assessing cardiosurgical treatment effects Get access Mahmoud Diab, Mahmoud Diab Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1529-6046 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nikolaos Bonaros, Nikolaos Bonaros Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7656-5812 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Torsten Doenst Torsten Doenst Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany Corresponding author. Tel: +49 3641 932 2901, Fax: +49 3641 932 2902, E-mail: doenst@med.uni-jena.de https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6411-909X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, ehad251, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad251 Published: 13 May 2023