Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes from Textile Wastewater by Nano and Micro Amorphous Alloys

Abstract Azo dyes are known to cause environmental pollution and freshwater contamination, posing carcinogenic risks to human health. Consequently, researchers have directed their attention towards studying effective methods for removing these dyes from textile effluent. Amorphous alloys have emerged as a promising candidate for enhancing degradation efficiency on azo dyes, with various metallic alloys undergoing extensive investigation. Notably, the novel catalytic metallic materials exhibit significantly higher degradation performance compared to traditional options. Among the promising candidates are nanometallic alloys based on Fe, Mg, Co, Al, and Mn, which offer improved potential for cleaning diverse types of azo dyes from wastewater. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the research regarding the use of amorphous alloys in azo dye degradation. The different production methods of amorphous alloys were discussed. The amorphous alloys used in dye degradation studies were subcategorized into three main types: Fe‐based, Mg‐based and some miscellaneous‐based amorphous alloys. Additionally, the study delves into the impact of crucial parameters, such as solution pH and initial dye concentration, providing valuable insights for the efficient treatment of wastewater.