Advances in Radiation Protection in Oral and Dental Radiology: Pragmatic Approaches and Recent Innovations

Purpose: The utilization of Ionizing Radiation (IR) in diagnostic dental techniques poses inherent risks, especially when patients are exposed to it repeatedly. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously evaluate and improve the measures taken to protect individuals from the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation in dental radiology. This study desires to assess the advancements made in recent years regarding ionizing radiation protection measures in the field of dental radiology. Materials and Methods: A thorough review was conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCOhost). The primary conclusions and relevant units of measurement are also included. According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 26 articles were systematically reviewed for this study. Results: Recent data reveals the urgent need to update radiation protection guidelines to accommodate newer technologies like Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and digital imaging. Digital intraoral X-ray technology has shown promising results in significantly reducing radiation exposure. To ensure standardized practices, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have been defined for CBCT and must be established for different clinical indications. Moreover, advancements in nanotechnology provide potential opportunities for the production of radiation shielding supplies that are lighter and customizable. These innovative materials can prove invaluable for everyday use, offering enhanced protection during extended periods of physical activity. The review findings suggest that samples with nanostructures are more efficient at reducing X-ray energy. The research findings indicate that the implementation of a nanocomposite shield leads to a notable reduction in radiation dose, with a range of 15 to 35%. Given the increasing frequency of dental CBCT imaging and the unmatched dose levels compared to conventional dental radiography, it is imperative to set DRLs in this domain. Conclusion: This literature review focuses on the most common types of radiation protection in dental radiology, aiming to demonstrate improved techniques for individual protection.