Generative AI, cognitive load, and supply chain risk perception: the moderating role of AI literacy

Global supply chains experience unprecedented complexity and uncertainty. Generative AI (GenAI) as a transformative technology is reshaping supply chain risk management practices. However, existing research lacks systematic understanding of how GenAI affects employee cognitive processes and risk perception (RP), particularly the mediating role of cognitive load (CL) and moderating role of AI literacy (AIL). This study integrates Task-Technology Fit Theory (TTF) and Cognitive Load Theory to develop a theoretical framework. Analyzing data from 254 Chinese supply chain practitioners, we find that GenAI utilisation positively influences supply chain risk perception. Cognitive load mediates this relationship, while AI literacy negatively moderates both GenAI-CL and GenAI-RP relationships. The study extends TTF to probabilistic technologies, clarifies the role of CL in shaping RP, and highlights the need for differentiated management strategies based on employees’ AI literacy.