Zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized from natural silica sources and its applications: a critical review

Abstract As a well‐known porous inorganic material formed of aluminosilicate structures, Zeolit Socony Mobil Number 5 (ZSM‐5) zeolite has been widely used for various applications, especially oil‐chemical conversion processes and environmental pollution treatment. This study provides an overview of the natural sources as well as the role and categorization of structural compounds used for the synthesis of ZSM‐5. Overall, clay, natural minerals, or leftovers from agricultural and industrial activities (all of which offer several advantages, such as low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness) have been used to manufacture ZSM‐5. Moreover, green structural directing agents (known as soft templates) have been increasingly employed to replace pure chemicals in the production of ZSM‐5, aiming to decrease unexpected effects on the environment. This research orientates the production of ZSM‐5 zeolite on a low‐cost and environmentally friendly industrial scale. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).