Static Magnetic Field Accelerates Wound Healing by Activation PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Background: Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process involving overlapping phases such as inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Chronic wounds, which fail to heal in a timely manner, pose significant challenges in clinical practice. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) have shown potential in wound healing, particularly in their anti-inflammatory effects and ability to promote cell proliferation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying their effects remain unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of SMFs on wound repair and to explore the molecular mechanisms involved, particularly the role of key signaling pathways. Methods: A rabbit ear full-thickness wound model was used to evaluate the effects of SMFs (160 mT) on wound healing. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs), normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under SMF conditions to assess their proliferation, migration, and angiogenic activity. Tissue repair, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation were analyzed through histological and immunohistochemical methods. Transcriptome sequencing and Western blotting were performed to identify key pathways affected by SMFs. Results: SMFs significantly accelerated wound healing in the rabbit ear model, as demonstrated by enhanced re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and angiogenesis. in vitro, SMFs promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, as well as tube formation in endothelial cells. Transcriptome and protein analyses revealed that SMFs activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which played a critical role in regulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that SMFs promote wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis and cell proliferation through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of SMFs as a non-invasive therapeutic approach for clinical wound management.