Association of body roundness index with testosterone deficiency in US men: A cross-sectional study using NHANES 2013 to 2016

Testosterone deficiency is increasingly recognized as a significant public health challenge, strongly correlated with obesity. The link between the body roundness index (BRI) and the prevalence of testosterone deficiency is unclear. This research aims to examine these relationships. To investigate the relationship between BRI and the risk of testosterone deficiency, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013 to 2016 were examined. This study employed multiple logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting to investigate the relationship between BRI and testosterone deficiency. The stability of the associations was also explored through subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and assessment of threshold effects. The study included 3663 participants, with 25.82% exhibiting testosterone deficiency. Upon adjustment for confounding variables, a positive association was detected between BRI and the prevalence of testosterone deficiency (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.23–1.35, P < .0001). The smooth curve fitting indicated a nonlinear positive correlation between BRI and the prevalence of testosterone deficiency. The turning point of the smooth curve fit between BRI and testosterone deficiency was 4.04. When the BRI value was above 4.04, the association between BRI and testosterone deficiency was OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.39, P < .0001. The independent positive associations between BRI and the prevalence of testosterone deficiency remained consistent across all subgroups ( P for interaction >.05). Higher BRI was associated with a higher risk of testosterone deficiency in American adult men.