神经科学
髓鞘
运动学习
神经可塑性
运动皮层
生物神经网络
初级运动皮层
生物
少突胶质细胞
心理学
中枢神经系统
刺激
作者
Clara M. Bacmeister,Rongchen Huang,Lindsay A. Osso,Michael A. Thornton,Lauren Conant,Anthony R Chavez,Alon Poleg-Polsky,Ethan G. Hughes
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41593-022-01169-4
摘要
Myelin plasticity occurs when newly formed and pre-existing oligodendrocytes remodel existing patterns of myelination. Myelin remodeling occurs in response to changes in neuronal activity and is required for learning and memory. However, the link between behavior-induced neuronal activity and circuit-specific changes in myelination remains unclear. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging and targeted labeling of learning-activated neurons in mice, we explore how the pattern of intermittent myelination is altered on individual cortical axons during learning of a dexterous reach task. We show that behavior-induced myelin plasticity is targeted to learning-activated axons and occurs in a staged response across cortical layers in the mouse primary motor cortex. During learning, myelin sheaths retract, which results in lengthening of nodes of Ranvier. Following motor learning, addition of newly formed myelin sheaths increases the number of continuous stretches of myelination. Computational modeling suggests that motor learning-induced myelin plasticity initially slows and subsequently increases axonal conduction speed. Finally, we show that both the magnitude and timing of nodal and myelin dynamics correlate with improvement of behavioral performance during motor learning. Thus, learning-induced and circuit-specific myelination changes may contribute to information encoding in neural circuits during motor learning.
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