Connective tissue graft vs porcine collagen matrix after immediate implant placement in esthetic area: A randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: The use of connective tissue graft (CTG) with immediate implant placement and provisionalisation have shown promising results. It is not clear if the same outcome could be achieved using porcine-derived collagen matrix (PDCM) as grafting material. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the esthetic and functional outcomes of immediate temporization of immediately placed fully tapered implants combined with bone and soft tissue augmentation, using either a CTG or a PDCM, in fresh extraction sockets of the anterior sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a failing anterior tooth were included in this study. After extraction, they received an immediate implant with simultaneous hard and soft tissue augmentation and immediate provisional restoration. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the group. Soft tissue augmentation in the control group (CTG) consisted of a CTG, whereas PDCM was used in the test group. After 4 months, definitive restorations were delivered, and pink esthetic score (PES) was evaluated at T1, prosthetic delivery, and at 12-month follow-up (T2). In addition, crestal bone change, probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, bleeding on provisional removal, and implant stability quotient were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients received the intended treatment (22 controls and 23 tests) 45 implants totally, with no implant failures at T2. PES mean ± SD after 1 year was noted to be 12.9 ± 1.2 for the CTG group and 12.1 ± 1.3 for the PDCM group (p = 0.507). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this trial, both treatment protocols resulted in comparable esthetic outcomes, with results showing PES >12 and stable clinical parameters after 1 year of follow-up.