Synthesis of novel reactive disperse dyes comprising carbamate and cyanuric chloride groups for dyeing polyamide and cotton fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide

Two types of novel reactive disperse dyes comprising carbamates (CNU-6A, CNU–6B and CNU–6C) and cyanuric chloride (CNU-8A, CNU–8B and CNU–8C) reactive functional groups were designed and synthesized from the anthraquinone parent body. The structures of these synthesized reactive disperse dyes have been defined by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Further, the dyeing experiments were performed on polyamide and cotton fabrics in supercritical carbon dioxide conditions with the 0.5% (owf) of dye concentration, at 25 MPa (pressure), and 120 °C (temperature) for 1 h. A significant improvement in the color strength and dye fixation efficiency has been observed for the carbamate reactive disperse dyes. This is due to the formation of a covalent bond between the carbamate functional group and the amine (–NH) and hydroxy (–OH) group of the fabrics. Besides, the dyed fabrics displayed favorable fastness (wash, crocking, light and sweat) properties indicating that the synthesized dyes meet the garment dyeing standards.