Sirolimus or Everolimus Improves Survival After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

The effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (sirolimus [SRL] and everolimus [EVL]) on survival in liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain the subject of intense research. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the potential survival benefits of mTOR inhibitors (mTORis). Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies investigating effects of SRL or EVL on LT recipients for HCC. The primary outcomes were 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcomes were 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and adverse effects. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by a fixed or random effects model with Mantel‐Haenszel weighting. Subgroup analyses were performed according to crucial clinical characteristics. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the reliability of our findings. A total of 17 studies were included. OS was improved in both RCTs (1 year: RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.08; 2 years: RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.16; 3 years: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.24; 5 years: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.26) and cohort studies (1 year: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.20; 2 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16‐1.32; 3 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.34; 5 years: RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.24), with a lower risk of renal toxicity (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93). The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year RFS were also improved. Current evidence indicates that SRL‐ or EVL‐based immunosuppression improves OS and RFS with a lower risk of renal toxicity compared with mTORi‐free immunosuppression. Nevertheless, results must be interpreted with caution.