Toward Practical Silicon Anodes: Interfacial Stability, Structural Design, and Scalable Engineering

ABSTRACT Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are essential energy‐storage systems for electric vehicles and portable electronics, yet the conventional graphite anode is approaching its theoretical capacity limit. Silicon‐based anodes have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation high‐energy LIBs owing to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, and low working potential. However, their practical application remains limited by severe volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation, poor intrinsic electrical conductivity, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and low initial coulombic efficiency. In this review, we summarize recent progress in Si‐based anode materials and engineering strategies, including nanostructuring, surface/bulk modification, composite design, binder engineering, electrolyte optimization, and pre‐lithiation. In addition, this review emphasizes the relationships among intrinsic failure mechanisms, interfacial stability, electrode structural design, and practical scalability. Ultimately, current industrialization progress, remaining bottlenecks, and future directions toward practical Si‐based anodes are discussed.