Inner Helmholtz Plane Engineering via In Situ Electrolyte Polymerization to Enhance the Lithium Metal Anode Stability

. The Li||NCM811 full cell enables outstanding performance, retaining more than 80% capacity retention after 600 cycles at 1 C and an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) above 99.9% after 2000 cycles. This in situ polymerization-enabled IHP modulation strategy offers a promising path toward high-performance semisolid-state lithium metal batteries.