Neonatal lung diseases: lung ultrasound or chest x-ray

Abstract Chest X-ray (CXR) examination is a well-recognized imaging modality in the diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases. On the other hand, lung ultrasound (LUS) has been an emerging and increasingly studied modality. However, the role of LUS as well as its potential to replace CXRs in the detection of neonatal lung diseases has been debated. We combine the present research progress and our own clinical experience to elaborate on various aspects of the potential routine use of lung ultrasound in neonatal intensive care units. We conclude that both LUS and CXR have a number of advantages and disadvantages. They should serve as complementary diagnostic methods in providing accurate, timely, and reliable information.