[Research advances in the role of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in treatment of liver diseases].

At present, liver transplantation remains the most effective treatment for acute liver failure and advanced cirrhosis, but its use and promotion are limited by insufficient organ donors, financial consideration, and requirements for lifelong immunosuppression. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been recommended as an effective substitutive therapy for liver disease. Mesenchymal stem cells, also known as pluripotent interstitial stromal cells, are self-renewing cells that can be found in almost all postnatal organs and tissues, including the liver. Their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes and immunomodulatory properties provide new insights into the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases. This article reviews the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, their mechanisms in the treatment of acute and chronic liver diseases, and related risks.目前，对急性肝功能衰竭、晚期肝硬化最有效的治疗仍是肝移植，但是由于器官供体不足、财政考虑和对终身免疫抑制的要求，其使用及推广受到限制。近年来，绕过使用整个肝脏的替代方法，如干细胞移植，已被建议作为肝脏疾病的有效替代疗法。间充质干细胞，也称为多潜能间质基质细胞，是可以在几乎所有出生后的器官和组织，包括肝脏中发现的自我更新细胞，其分化为肝细胞的潜力以及它们的免疫调节特性为其在急、慢性肝病的治疗打开了思路。现对近年来间充质干细胞的特性以及治疗急、慢性肝病的机制情况进行综述，并对相关风险进行了探讨。.