State-of-the-art review on ultra high performance concrete - Ballistic and blast perspective

The world is experiencing multiple blasts and ballistic attacks in the last few decades leading to huge loss of civilians and warriors in fringe territories. In this context, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art information on ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) against blast and ballistic impact. The first part briefly discusses the ingredients with special emphasis on fibres behaviour in UHPC. Secondly, the review of dynamic characterization of UHPC carried with the aid of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), covering pulse shaper technique, dynamic increase factor (DIF) and high strain behaviour. Thirdly, from ballistic perspective, various prediction models, penetration depth analysis and various research to tackle high-velocity impact are addressed. Further, shock tube studies and in-field blast testing of UHPC is summarized under blast perspective. Performance of reinforcement bars in UHPC for mitigation of ballistic and blast attacks is reviewed. Subsequently, numerical simulation and technology to enhance ballistic and blast resistant efficiency, such as inducing prestressing, use of metallic foam and blast resistant design are discussed. This review endeavours to help researchers identify areas of improvement needed in UHPC and highlight the benefits of UHPC for designers and consultants to use in structures to mitigate the effect of impact and blast.