结直肠癌
微卫星不稳定性
医学
流行病学
癌症
阿司匹林
肿瘤科
染色体不稳定性
病因学
癌变
内科学
癌症流行病学
直肠
病理
乳腺癌
微卫星
遗传学
生物
等位基因
基因
染色体
作者
Brian Sullivan,Michael G. Noujaim,Jatin Roper
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.001
摘要
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, with a lifetime risk of approximately 4% to 5%. Colorectal cancer develops from the sequential acquisition of defined genetic mutations in the colonic epithelium. Tumorigenesis from normal tissue to cancer occurs largely through 3 pathways: the chromosomal instability pathway, the microsatellite instability pathway, and the sessile serrated pathway. Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have decreased by approximately 35% since the beginning of screening programs in the 1990s, although other factors such as use of aspirin for coronary disease prevention and decreased smoking rates may also be important. In this review, we discuss the etiology, epidemiology, and histology of colorectal polyps and cancer.
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