Analysis of performance parameters during degradation of triple-cation-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells

Owing to continuously growing the conversion efficiency of the organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a brilliant aspirant for high-efficiency photovoltaics (PVs). However, due to instability of the PSCs against moisture, heat, and UV radiations restricts the deployment of the PSCs for commercial application. The triple cations perovskites (T-PVT)-based PSCs are found to be more stable than the single cation-based PSCs. Moreover, inorganic electron transporting layers (ETLs) showed better stability than the organic-based ETLs against moisture. Thus, the degradation of the T-PVT layer on the Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) ETL was studied under varying humidity. Furthermore, the influence of Al doping on the performance degradation of the AZO-ETL-based PSCs was also studied. The doping concentration of Al (RAl/Zn) in the AZO was 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%. The overall efficiency loss (35.08%) of the degraded PSC was found to be the lowest for the AZO ETL of RAl/Zn = 5%.