General introduction confidence-building measures and outer space monitoring outer space activities - international political issues CSBMs and earth-to-space tracking - a general overview of existing proposals CBSMs in outer space - some political considerations artificial satellites and space debris - current stocks, orbital distribution and monitoring activities rocket launches - current trends, growth prospects and monitoring operations command and control of artificial satellites - implications for monitoring radio tracking and monitoring - implications for CSBMs laser systems for optical space observation optical earth-to-space observations of artificial satellites and space debris - monitoring CSBMs the application of the technique of radar/interferometry to CSBMs in outer space applying CSBMs to the outer space environment monitoring scenarios for different CSBMs in outer space establishing an earth-to-space monitoring network for CSBMs.