Chilling injury is a serious threat to rice production. It is of great significance to achieve a high and stable yield of rice by accelerating the research of cold tolerance and developing cold-tolerant rice varieties. This review mainly focused the research progress on identifying methods and evaluating indices for cold damage,QTL mapping and cloning of cold tolerance related genes and signal transduction under cold stress at seedling stage in rice and had an outlook on the research of cold tolerance and breeding of cold-toleranct varieties in rice.