Transition-metal Nanoparticles Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions in Water

The use of transition-metal nanoparticles in catalysis has attracted much interest, and their use in carbon-carbon coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, Stille, Hiyama, and Ullmann coupling reactions constitutes one of their most important applications. The transition-metal nanoparticles are considered as one of the green catalysts because they show high catalytic activity for several reactions in water. This review is devoted to the catalytic system developed in the past 10 years in transition-metal nanoparticles-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling reactions such as Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, Stille, Hiyama, and Ullmann coupling reactions in water.