A generalized cutting force model for five-axis milling processes

A generalized mechanical model is proposed to predict cutting forces for five-axis milling process of sculptured surfaces with generalized milling cutter, which is considered as a revolution around tool axis of an arbitrary section curve composed of variable lines and curves. Solid-analytical-based method is presented and extended to precisely and efficiently identify the cutter–workpiece engagements between the generalized milling cutter and workpiece being machined. And the undeformed chip thickness is calculated with respect to pre-defined tool coordinate system, which is regarded as the transformation form of feed cross–feed normal system by lead and tilt angles. Although only two experimental validations (peripheral milling with cylinder end mill and multi-axis milling with ball end mill) are performed to estimate the robustness and flexibility of the method presented, it can be applied for an arbitrary mill geometry in multi-axis milling as well as three-axis milling, two-and-a-half-axis milling. Finally, a case study of aero-engine impeller five-axis milling with ball end mill is performed to further illustrate the validation of the model.