Clinical characteristics and therapeutic determinants of <i>RUNX1::RUNX1T1</i> differ from those of <i>CBFB::MYH11</i> acute myeloid leukemia

Core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML) includes RUNX1::RUNX1T1 and CBFB::MYH11 AML. To investigate whether they should be regarded as distinct entities and treated separately, we retrospectively analyzed 536 patients with CBF-AML aged 60 years or younger. For CBFB::MYH11 AML, no outcome differences were observed between standard-dose (SD) and intermediate-dose (ID) cytarabine induction, with 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) at 86.4% vs. 85.3% (P=0.99) and 74.1% vs. 68.4% (P=0.93), respectively. However, ID induction improved the outcomes of RUNX1::RUNX1T1 AML, with 5-year OS and RFS rates of 77.7% vs. 60.3% (P