Carbon vacancies and spatial confinement effects of VC-FCN0.3 prepared by spatial self-corrosion strategy achieved eco-friendly photocatalytic degradation to bisphenol F

The widespread use of bisphenol F (BPF) as the commonly used alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) in the industry and its hazardous effects on ecological system and human health have attracted widespread attention. In this study, VC-FCN0.3 hollow nanotube structure with confinement space effects and combined carbon vacancies was constructed by the spatial self-corrosion strategy, which effectively addressed the inherent limitations of conventional carbon nitride and achieved 100% removal rate of BPF within 2 h under visible light. Carbon vacancies not only accelerated the transfer of photogenerated carriers, but also enhanced the adsorption and activation of oxygen that accelerating the production of ·O2−, the main active species in this system. In addition, the special spatial structure shortened the mass transfer distance between the target pollutants and the active species. What's more, VC-FCN0.3 showed excellent, stable, and eco-friendly photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol F over a wide pH range and in five water matrices, contributing effectively to the solution of purification of wastewater containing bisphenol analogues.